A Comparative study to Assess Personality profile and coping Strategies among Coronary Heart Disease Patients and Non-Patients groups in Selected Hospitals of Mehsana
Mr. Vipin Patidar1, Mr. Kaushal Patidar2
1Assistant Professor, Dept. of Medical Surgical Nursing KJ Institute of Nursing, Vadasma
2Associate Professor, Dept. of Medical Surgical Nursing Joitiba College of Nursing, Bhandu
*Corresponding Author E-mail: Vipin.patidar93@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Background According to WHO estimates in 2003, 16.7 million people around the globe die of coronary heart disease each year. This is over 29 percent of all deaths globally. The present study attempted to assess the current that whether there are certain specific personality pattern of coronary heart disease patients and the coping strategies they use to deal with their stressful situation.1 Coronary heart disease is affecting India 5-10 years earlier than other communities. Indians also show higher incidence of hospitalization, morbidity and mortality than other ethnic groups.2 Aims: The present study attempted to assess the current that whether there are certain specific personality pattern of coronary heart disease patients and the coping strategies they use to deal with their stressful situation. Objectives of the study: To determine the personality profile and coping strategies among patients who are diagnosed to have coronary heart disease. To determine the personality profile and coping strategies among non patients group. To compare the difference in the personality profile and coping strategies among coronary heart disease patients and non patients group. To find out the association between personality profile and coping strategies among coronary heart disease patients and non patients group with their selected demographic variables. Method A descriptive comparative study consisting of 30 coronary heart disease patients and 30 non patients group selected by using purposive sampling technique was conducted in a selected hospital of Mehsana. Results Majority (40%) of sample in the non-patient group was in 41-50 years and patients (33%) were in the age group of 41-50 years. Majority of patients (60%) and non-patients (53%) were males. Highest percentage of subjects in the patient (83%) and non- patient group (83%) were Hindu. Highest percentage of patients (47%) and majority of non-patients (47%) were married. The highest percentage of the subjects had primary education (33%) and non-patients had secondary education (37%). Highest percentages of the subjects (54%) were self employs and non-patients (44%) were self employee. Majority of subjects 73% and patients non-patients were non vegetarians. Majority 53% patients have family history of CHD. Majority 53% CHD patients visit hospital thrice or more And majority 100% no one undergone any personality development programme in CHD patients. The mean score of coping strategy using coping brief scale show that non-patients (148.66±24.89) was greater than patients (133.2±27.06). The mean score of personality profile using show that non-patients (84.06±10.67) was greater than patients (70±11.43). Interpretation and conclusion: Findings of the study showed that there was no significant difference in the personality profile scores (t=2.30, p<0.05) between coronary heart disease patients and non-patients group and also showed that there was a significant difference in the coping strategies (t= 4.93, p<0.05) between coronary heart disease patients and non-patient group.
KEYWORDS: Comparison Personality Profile, Coping Strategies, Coronary Heart Disease Patients; Non-Patients Groups.
INTRODUCTION:
According to WHO CHD is “an acute or chronically impaired performance of the heart caused by a reduction or complete interruption of myocardial blood supply resulting from atherosclerosis of the cardiac arteries”. Putting simply CHD is manifested as a typical type of chest pain with or without progressing to a heart attack or myocardial infarction CHD results from many interacting causal factors. These factors are demonstrated to be additive in their predictive power Non modifiable CHD risk factors are age, male gender and family history of coronary artery disease in young age. This paper focuses on modifiable risk factors of CHD which include hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, obesity, physically inactive life style and, certain personality traits.3
Coronary heart disease is affecting India 5-10 years earlier than other communities. Indians also show higher incidence of hospitalization, morbidity and mortality than other ethnic groups. Extensive research links chronic stress to coronary heart disease. From, world health organization (2007) report it is found that CHD is the most common cardiovascular disorder and is responsible for almost 50% of cardiovascular death globally.4
Medical research has linked some personality traits with the occurrence of coronary heart disease. Some researchers however challenge the validity of such claims6 but generally it is accepted that personality traits play a role in the causation of CHD. This paper attempts to study the link between personality traits and CHD by employing a well-researched, well-accepted and comprehensively tested Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality from Organization Theory.5
Repressive coping is the tendency to avoid/ repress negative emotions. It protects against psychiatric disorder, but is associated with less accurate detection of sadness/fear, increased blood pressure, decreased heart rate variability, cortical deregulation and poor adherence to health recommendations. Hence, repressive individuals may show overt behavioral and physiological signs of distress despite their claims of low distress.6
NEED FOR THE STUDY:
The present study attempted to assess the current that whether there are certain specific personality pattern of coronary heart disease patients and the coping strategies they use to deal with their stressful situation.
RESEARCH STATEMENT:
“A comparative study to assess the personality profile and coping strategies among coronary heart disease patients and non patients group in selected hospital of Mehsana city.”
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:
1. To determine the personality profile and coping strategies among patients who are diagnosed to have coronary heart disease.
2. To determine the personality profile and coping strategies among non patients group.
3. To compare the difference in the personality profile and coping strategies among coronary heart disease patients and non patients group.
4. To find out the association between personality profile and coping strategies among coronary heart disease patients and non patients group with their selected demographic variables.
METHODOLOGY:
A descriptive comparative study consisting of 30 patients those are diagnosed to have coronary heart disease and 30 Non Patients in selected hospital of Mehsana District by using purposive sampling technique.
SAMPLING CRITERIA:
INCLUSION CRITERIA:
· Coronary heart disease patients (in /out patient) diagnosed by a physician.
· Those who are willing to participate in the study.
· Those who can read and understand Guajarati, English.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:-
· Patients who are not available at the time of the data collection
· Patients with in one week of being diagnosed with CHD.
· Below the age of 30 years.
DESCRIPTION OF TOOLS
Its consists of three sections
SECTION- A
This section is the first section seeking information on demographic background of coronary heart patients and non-patients i.e. age, sex, religion, marital status, occupations, income, education. Its consists of total 14 demographic variables.
SECTION- B
This section is the second part which consists of modified cattel 16 PF (personality factor) for assessing the personality profile among coronary heart disease patients and non-patients. There are 44 statements in the rating scale. For the assessment five points scale used.
SECTION-C
This section is the third parts which consist of modified coping scale for assessing the coping strategies among coronary heart disease patients and non-patients. There are 30 statements in the rating scale. For the assessment 4four point scale used.
PROCEDURE FOR DATA COLLECTION:
A formal permission was obtained from the medical director of galaxy heart institute and government civil hospital.
PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS:
The statistical analysis was made on the basis of objectives. The data analysis was planned to include comparative and inferential statistics. The following plan was developed for data analysis on the basis of the opinion of experts. For the analysis of demographic data frequency and percentage will be calculated. The significance will be calculated by using mean, standard deviations. The Comparison of personality profile and coping strategies among coronary heart disease patients and non patients by using unpaired ‘t’ test The association between selected demographic variables using Yates correction chi-square test.
RESULT:
SECTION – I
CORONARY HEART DISEASE PATIENTS:
Finding from sec-I shows that majority of the coronary heart disease patients 27% of patients belong to age group between 31-40 years, 33% belong to age group between 41-50 years and 23% belong to age group between 51-60 years and 17% patients belong to 61 years and above. Majority of the CHD patients 60% are male and 40% were female. Majority of CHD patients 83% are Hindu and 17% are Muslim religion. Majority 47% are married , 40% are single, , 10% are divorced and 3% are widow. Majority of percentage 53% of patients had nuclear family, whereas 47% patients had nuclear family.
Majority of 33% had received primary education, 27% secondary education, 20% higher secondary, 13% graduation and 7% is post graduate. Majority of 50% income for above 15000, 23% income for below 5000 followed by 20% for 5001-10000 income and 7% income for 10001-15000. And maximum number of CHD patients 54% was self employed, only 33% were private employee and 13% were in government job. Majority of 73% patients are vegetarian and rest of 27% are non-vegetarian.
Majority 53% patients have family history of CHD and rest of 47% no any history of CHD. And duration of illness for CHD patients in 20% of patients have 1 week to 6 month , 13% have 6-12 month , 17% patients have 13-24 month and majority of patients have above 25 month. Majority 53% CHD patients visit hospital thrice or more and 47% CHD patients visit hospital twice. Majority 86% patients on medical management, 7% patients PTCA, and 7% patients have surgical management. And majority 100% no one undergone any personality development programme in CHD patients.
NON-PATIENTS:
Finding from sec-I shows that majority of the Non-patients 47% belong to age group between 31-40 years, 40% belong to age group between 41-50 years,13% belong to age group between 51-60 years and no one in 61 year and above. Majority of non-patients 53% are male and 47% were female. Majority 83% are Hindu and 17% are Muslim. Majority of 47% are single, 43 % are married and 10% are divorced. Highest percentage 53% of individual had nuclear family, whereas 47%) had joint family.
Regarding education 23% had received primary education, 37% secondary education, 20% higher secondary, 17% graduation and 3% is post graduate. Majority of 37% for below 5000 income, 43% for 5001-10000 income, 12% for 10001-15000 income and 7% for above 15000 income. Majority of 40% were self employed, 40% were private employee and 20% were government employee. Majority of non-patients 73% are vegetarian and rest of 27% are non-vegetarian. And majority 100% no one undergone any personality development programme in non- patients.
SECTION-B
Description of personality profile and coping strategies among coronary heart disease patients and non patients
Personality profile score majority 43% patients having good personality profile 13% having poor personality profile, 37% patients having fair personality profile, and 7% patients having very good personality profile. Majority 67% patients having satisfactory coping, 23% patients having poor coping , and 10% patients having good coping.
In non-patients majority 57% having good personality profile , 7% having poor personality profile, 23% having fair personality profile, and 13% having very good personality profile. Majority of 60% individuals having satisfactory coping 3% having poor coping scores, and 37% having good coping scores.
Among 30 samples of the coronary heart disease patients Show that mean score of personality profile in non-patients (148.66±24.89) was greater than patients (133.2±27.06). And the data also depicts the mean difference is 15.46.
Among 30 samples of the non-patients Show that mean score of coping strategies in non-patients (84.06±10.67) was greater than patients (70±11.43). And the data also depicts the mean difference is 14.06.
SECTION-C
Compare the difference in the personality profile and coping strategies among coronary heart disease patients and non patients.
Among 30 samples of the coronary heart disease patients and 30 sample of non-patients z-test show that there was a significant difference in the personality profile (t= 2.30, p>0.05) between coronary heart disease patients and N0n-patients, hence H02 null hypothesis was rejected
Among 30 samples of the coronary heart disease patients and 30 sample of non-patients z test show that there was a significant difference in the coping strategies (t= 4.93, p>0.05) between coronary heart disease patients and N0n-patients, hence H02 null hypothesis was rejected.
SECTION-D
Association between level of personality profile and coping strategies with selected demographic variables
Association between the levels of Personality profile on CHD patients with selected demographic variables Findings revealed that there was significant association between their personality profile and demographic variables like gender (5.0), family type (4.821), occupation (8.600), duration of illness (10.800) However there was no significant association found with other variable like marital status, monthly income, dietary pattern, number of hospitalization and family history of CHD.
Association between the levels of personality profile on Non- patients with selected demographic variables Findings revealed that there was significant association between their personality profile and demographic variables like occupation (12.804) however there was no significant association found with other variable like gender and family type.
Association between the levels of coping strategies on CHD patients with selected demographic variables Findings revealed that there was no significant association found with variable like gender, occupation, dietary pattern, number of hospitalization, treatment undertaken and family history of CHD.
Association between the levels of coping strategies on non-patients with selected demographic variables most of frequency were zero hence chi square can not be computed.
CONCLUSION:
The conclusions drawn from the finding of the study are as follows:
The 't' test and chi-square done to assess the personality profile and coping strategies among coronary heart disease patients and non-patients in selected hospital of Mehsana city. . It revealed that there is highly significant difference between the personality profile of coronary heart disease patients and non-patients. And the study also revealed that there is significant difference between the coping strategies of coronary heart disease patients and non-patients.
REFERENCE:
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5. Nicholson, A., Kuper, H., & Hemingway, H. (2006), Depression as an a etiologic and prognostic factor in coronary heart disease, European Heart Journal, Vol. 27, 2763-2774.
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Received on 06.12.2019 Modified on 31.12.2019
Accepted on 11.01.2020 ©A&V Publications All right reserved
Int. J. of Advances in Nur. Management. 2020; 8(1):85-88.
DOI: 10.5958/2454-2652.2020.00020.7